"R1-10000"@en. "Medicine"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "0"^^. . . "Medicine (UK English /ˈmɛdsɨn/, /ˈmɛdɨsɨn/; US English /ˈmɛdɨsɨn/) is the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) that frequently had connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of each culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). Thus, while the perfect stitching technique for suturing an artery is still an art that surgeons learn by practicing, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched comes from science. The older, prescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine. Although they are no longer the sole type of medicine, they are still used to complement scientific medicine and are thus called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). For example, although acupuncture and herbal medicine are ancient arts that include unscientific components, they can still sometimes provide relief of pain, symptoms, or anxiety and are thus still valued by many patients regardless of the chemical or physical mechanisms by which they work. Thus they continue to have value in health care, within the limits of safety and efficacy. (In contrast, medicine outside the bounds of safety and efficacy is called quackery.) Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through medication or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, prostheses, biologics, pharmaceuticals, ionizing radiation among others.The word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing."@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "R5-920"@en. "Medicine (General)"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . "RA1-1270"@en. "Public aspects of medicine"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RB1-214"@en. "Pathology"@en. . . . . . . "RC31-1245"@en. "Internal medicine"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RD1-811"@en. "Surgery"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RE1-994"@en. "Ophthalmology"@en. . . . . . . . . . "RF1-547"@en. "Otorhinolaryngology"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . "RG1-991"@en. "Gynecology and obstetrics"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RJ1-570"@en. "Pediatrics"@en. . . . . . . "RK1-715"@en. "Dentistry"@en. . . . . . . . . . . "RL1-803"@en. "Dermatology"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RM1-950"@en. "Therapeutics. Pharmacology"@en. . . . . . . . . . . . "RS1-441"@en. "Pharmacy and materia medica"@en. . . . . . . "RT1-120"@en. "Nursing"@en. . . . "RV1-431"@en. "Botanic, Thomsonian, and eclectic medicine"@en. . . . "RX1-681"@en. "Homeopathy"@en. . . . . . . . . . "RZ201-999"@en. "Other systems of medicine"@en. . . . . . "LCC Ranges groups together ranges of Library of Congress Classification numbers into hierarchies. This coarse classification is used to map to other classification systems."@en. "LCC Range"@en. "339"^^. "39"^^. "80"^^. "318"^^. "50"^^. "179"^^. "51"^^. "326"^^. "465"^^. "319"^^. "111"^^. "524"^^. "664"^^. "1158"^^. "17"^^. "87"^^. "1"^^. . . . "Medicine (UK English /ˈmɛdsɨn/, /ˈmɛdɨsɨn/; US English /ˈmɛdɨsɨn/) is the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) that frequently had connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of each culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). Thus, while the perfect stitching technique for suturing an artery is still an art that surgeons learn by practicing, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched comes from science. The older, prescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine. Although they are no longer the sole type of medicine, they are still used to complement scientific medicine and are thus called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). For example, although acupuncture and herbal medicine are ancient arts that include unscientific components, they can still sometimes provide relief of pain, symptoms, or anxiety and are thus still valued by many patients regardless of the chemical or physical mechanisms by which they work. Thus they continue to have value in health care, within the limits of safety and efficacy. (In contrast, medicine outside the bounds of safety and efficacy is called quackery.) Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through medication or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, prostheses, biologics, pharmaceuticals, ionizing radiation among others.The word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing."@en. . . . "Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area. Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is thus not limited to odontology (from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, \"tooth\")) – the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth. Because of their substantial overlap in concept, dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.Dentistry is widely considered important for overall health. Dental treatment is carried out by the dental team, which often consists of a dentist and dental auxiliaries (dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists). Most dentists work in private practices (primary care), although some work in hospitals (secondary care) and institutions (prisons, armed forces bases, etc.).The history of dentistry is almost as ancient as the history of humanity and civilization with the earliest evidence dating from 7000BC. Prehistoric dental surgical techniques are seen in Ancient Egypt, where a mandible dated to approximately 2650 BCE shows two perforations just below the root of the first molar, indicating the draining of an abscessed tooth. Remains from the early Harappan periods of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300 BCE) show evidence of teeth having been drilled dating back 9,000 years. It is thought that dental surgery was the first specialization from medicine."@en. . . . . "Dermatology"@en. . .